|
|nativename_a = |nativename_r = |logo = |logo_width = |logo_caption = |seal = |seal_width = |seal_caption = |formed = July 1983 |preceding1 = Investigation Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China |preceding2 = |dissolved = |superseding = |jurisdiction = |headquarters = Beijing |employees = |budget = |minister1_name = |minister1_pfo = |chief1_name = Geng Huichang |chief1_position = Minister of State Security |chief2_name = Chen Wenqing |chief2_position = Party Group Secretary |parent_agency = State Council |child1_agency = |child2_agency = |website = |footnotes = }} The Ministry of State Security (MSS) is the intelligence agency and security agency of the People's Republic of China (non military area of interests), responsible for counter-intelligence, foreign intelligence and political security. It is headquartered near the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China in Beijing. Article 4 of the ''Criminal Procedure Law'' gives the MSS the same authority to arrest or detain people as regular police for crimes involving state security with identical supervision by the procuratorates and the courts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://en.chinacourt.org/public/detail.php?id=2693 )〕 The network of state security bureaus and the Ministry of State Security should not be confused with the separate but parallel network of public security bureaus, administered at the national level by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China, which is responsible for ordinary (non-state security) policing and related administrative matters. The two systems are administratively separate, although at local levels they co-operate to a large extent and often share resources. == History == The precursor of the modern MSS was the Central Department of Social Affairs (CDSA), the primary intelligence organ of the Communist Party of China (CPC) before its accession to power in 1949. The CDSA operated from the communist base area of Yan'an in Shaanxi Province in northern China during the 1937–45 Second Sino-Japanese War. The CDSA provided the CPC with assessments of the world situation based on news reports and furnished the Communists with intelligence that proved important in the 1946–49 Chinese Civil War against the Nationalist forces. The CDSA was thoroughly reorganized in the summer of 1949.〔Zhu Chunlin (ed.), ''Lishi shunjian 1'' (''Moments in History 1'') (Beijing: Qunzhong chubanshe, 1999), p. 5〕 It ceased to exist in name, and some of its most prominent officers were transferred to senior positions in the new Ministry of Public Security of the CCP Central Revolutionary Military Affairs Commission (after the founding of the People's Republic of China renamed the Ministry of Public Security of the Central People's Government). After an extended transition during which segments of the former CDSA came within the purview of the People's Liberation Army, it was fully re-established as an organ directly under the Communist Party Central Committee in 1955, now with the new name Central Investigation Department (CID).〔''Yang shangkun riji'' (''Yang Shangkun's Diaries'') (Beijing: Zhongyang wenxian chubanshe, 2001), p. 185.〕 The MSS was established in 1983 as the result of the merger of the CID and the counter-intelligence elements of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. One of its longest-serving chiefs was Jia Chunwang, a native of Beijing and a 1964 graduate of Tsinghua University, who is reportedly an admirer of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). He served as Minister of State Security from 1985 until March 1998, when the MSS underwent an overhaul and Xu Yongyue was appointed the new head of the organization. Jia was then appointed to the Minister of Public Security post, after a decade of distinguished service as head of the MSS. Chinese intelligence agents, probably under the control of the MSS, have achieved success in penetrating the U.S. Intelligence Community in the past. In the 1980s, Larry Wu-Tai Chin (Jin Wudai), a translator for the CIA's Foreign Broadcast Information Service, was arrested and charged with espionage in the service of the PRC. He had been recruited in 1944 while stationed in China as a U.S. Army officer and went undetected for four decades. More recently, in 2003, Chinese-American Federal Bureau of Investigation source and Republican Party fundraiser Katrina Leung was arrested and accused of being a double agent for both the FBI and the Chinese government, although she was acquitted of charges of copying classified information, and convicted only of tax charges and of lying to the FBI. In March 2009 former MSS operative Li Fengzhi told the ''Washington Times'' in an interview that the MSS was engaged in counterintelligence, the collection of secrets and technology from other countries, and repressing internal dissent within China. The internal repression, according to Li, includes efforts against nonofficial Christian churches and the outlawed Falun Gong religious group, plus censoring the Internet to prevent China's population from knowing what is going on outside the country. Li emphasized that MSS's most important mission is, "to control the Chinese people to maintain the rule of the Communist Party".〔Gertz, Bill, ("Chinese Spy Who Defected Tells All" ), ''Washington Times'', March 19, 2009, p. 1.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ministry of State Security (China)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|